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@#AIM: To explore the multimodal imaging features of butterfly-like retinal pigment epithelial dystrophy(BPD)patients.<p>METHODS: Retrospective analysis of the multimodal imaging of 18 BPD patients(36 eyes)from January 2016 to July 2019, including fundus color photography, infrared photography, autofluorescence, fundus fluorescein angiography, indocyanine green angiography, optical coherence tomography(OCT), and optical coherence tomography angiography(OCTA). <p>RESULTS: A typical fundus color photography showed the appearance of a butterfly-like lesion caused by abnormal pigmentation. The appearance of the butterfly was not obvious after the lesion progressed, and the corresponding region shrinks; Infrared photography showed the yellow lesions clearly in the BPD patients, which are white highlight images; Autofluorescence showed patchy, spotted butterfly wing performance. When the lesion progressed, autofluorescence did not show typical butterfly changes, but it showed the damage of pigment epithelial cells; Fundus fluorescein angiography and choroidal angiography, in addition to showed butterfly lesions, can more accurately display vascular lesions, especially choroidal neovascularization(CNV); OCT showed lesions located between the retinal pigment epithelial(RPE)layer and the photoreceptors. As the lesion progressed, the pigment epithelium showed enlarged lesions correspondingly. Secondary CNV patients can be seen to break RPE; OCTA showed that the lesions were not obvious at the deep and superficial layers of the retina. But the choroidal blood flow signals were lost in some degrees in OCTA, and the blood flow images of CNV can be detected sensitively.<p>CONCLUTION: Multimode imaging technology can provide imaging features of progression in BPD patients, which helps clinicians to understand the disease more deeply.
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Objective To investigate the difference of biological characteristics between the praziquantel-resistant and-sus-ceptible isolates of Schistosoma japonicum in intermediate host Oncomelania hupensis snails. Methods Mice were infected with cercariae of praziquantel-resistant and-susceptible isolates of S. japonicum,and the parasite eggs were collected 37 days post-in-fection to hatch miracidium. Then,the snails were infected with the miracidium of each parasite isolate. The snail infection,sur-vival rate of infected snails,prepatent period of cercariae,and the total number of cercariae shed from each infected snail were observed and compared between the praziquantel-resistant and-susceptible isolates of S. japonicum. Results If each snail was exposed to a single miracidium,there were significant differences between the praziquantel-resistant and-susceptible Jiangsu isolates in the snail infection(8.99％vs. 19.74％;χ2=3.948,P=0.047)and the number of cercaria released from a single snail (1460.2 vs. 1039.3;t=2.507,P=0.02),and there were significant differences between the praziquantel-susceptible and-re-sistant Hunan isolates in the snail infection(10.00％vs. 21.52％;χ2=3.980,P=0.046)and the number of cercaria released from a single snail(1319.4 vs. 1003.5;t=2.566,P=0.017). However,there were no significant differences between the pra-ziquantel-resistant and-susceptible isolates of S. japonicum in the prepatent period of cercariae and the survival rate of infected snails(P>0.05). Conclusion The praziquantel-resistant isolate of S. japonicum has a higher susceptibility to O. hupensis but less cercaria released from each infected snail than the susceptible isolate.
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Objective To investigate the biological characteristics of the praziquantel-resistant isolate of Schistosoma japoni-cum in mice,so as to explore the pathogenicity to definitive hosts and transmission intensity of the praziquantel-resistant isolate of S. japonicum. Methods Mice were infected with the cercariae released from two praziquantel-resistant isolates and two pra-ziquantel-susceptible isolates of S. japonicum. The mouse-Oncomelania hupensis snail-mouse cycle was established and main- tained in the laboratory. The prepatent period of parasite eggs,egg production,egg distribution in mice,parasite susceptibility to mice and egg size were investigated in each parasite isolate. Results The prepatent period of parasite eggs,egg counts in mouse feces,adult worms recovered from each mouse,egg counts in mouse tissues,egg counts in the mouse liver,and egg counts in intestine tissues were 36.1 d and 36.8 d ( t=0.907, P=0.372 ) , 14.6 / 100 mg and 21.2 / 100 mg (t=2.946, P=0.007),20.5 and 25.1 worms per mouse(t=2.128, P=0.042),31303 and 38594 per paired adult worm(t=2.185, P=0.04),14810 and 19715 per paired adult worm(t=2.934, P=0.007),and 16493 and 18879 per paired adult worm(t=1.044, P=0.309)in the mice infected with Jiangsu praziquantel-susceptible and-resistant isolates of S. japonicum, respectively,and there were no significant differences between Jiangsu praziquantel-susceptible and-resistant isolates of S. ja-ponicum in the length of paired adult worms(t=0.328, P=0.744),female adult worms(t=0.386, P=0.701)or male adult worms(t=0.332, P=0.741). The prepatent period of parasite eggs,egg counts in mouse feces,adult worms recovered from each mouse,egg counts in mouse tissues,egg counts in the mouse liver,and egg counts in intestine tissues were 35.5 d and 35.6 d(t=0.169, P=0.867),13.3/100 mg and 18.9/100 mg(t=3.622, P=0.001),17.6 and 25.1 worms per mouse(t=3.153, P=0.004),30932 and 53903 per paired adult worm(t=3.865, P=0.001),12307 and 26363 per paired adult worm (t=4.388, P<0.01),and 18625 and 27541 per paired adult worm(t=2.679, P=0.012)in the mice infected with Hunan praziquantel-susceptible and-resistant isolates of S. japonicum,respectively,and there were no significant differences between Hunan praziquantel - susceptible and - resistant isolates of S. japonicum in the length of paired adult worms (t=0.853, P=0.397),female adult worms(t=0.573, P=0.569)or male adult worms(t=0.742, P=0.461). Conclusions The praziquantel-resistant isolate of S. japonicum has a higher parasite egg production and more eggs deposited in the mouse liver than drug-susceptible isolate,suggesting that the praziquantel-resistant isolate of S. japonicum exhibits a greater pathogenicity to definitive hosts. In addition,more parasite eggs are detected in the feces of mice infected with the praziquantel-resistant isolate of S. japonicum relative to the drug-susceptible isolate,indicating that the praziquantel-resistant isolate of S. japonicum exhibits a greater transmissibility than the drug-susceptible isolate.
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Objective Human papillomavirus (HPV) is presumed to be the cause of the development of head and neck squamous cell carcinoma.However,the current research results are not very sure.The article was designed to study the distribution of HPV infection in the tissues of laryngopharyngeal squamous cell carcinoma and laryngeal papilloma and its significance.Methods We collected samples of tissues from 67 patients who were treated in our hospital,including 41 cases of laryngeal papilloma,26 cases with laryngeal carcinoma,hypopharyngeal carcinoma,and oropharyngeal carcinoma.In the same period,20 cases of benign vocal cord polyps were treated as control group.PCR was applied in HPV typing test of fresh tumor tissues from operations,followed by the analysis on HPV infection type and distribution.Results In research group,44/67 cases was HPV-positive (65.7％),among which the HPV types of the laryngeal papilloma were HPVll (36/41) and HPV6 (4/41),and HPVI6 (6/26) in laryngeal carcinoma,hypopharyngeal carcinoma,and oropharyngeal carcinoma.While in control group,vocal cord polyps were HPV-negative without any multitype infection.Conclusion HPV16 may be a risk factor for the occurrence of laryngeal cancer and oropharyngeal cancer (non-alcoholic-induced or non-tobacco-induced cancer).HPV has high prevalence in Chinese laryngeal papilloma people,but HPV has low prevalence in Chinese laryngeal or hypopharyngeal carcinoma people.HPV testing of head and neck cancer is worth promoting.
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Objective Mutated inbred animal model is introduced to the practical course of genetic diagnosis in the hope that medical students are able to apply what they have learned to clinical cases, based on a deep understanding of principle and technology on gene mutation detection. Methods We integrated DNA extraction, polymerase chain reaction, agarose gel electrophoresis, and gel imaging analysis into a comprehensive experiment and arranged 4-year-programme undergraduates majoring in preclinical medical sciences to conduct it with the purpose of investigating the internal relations between phenotype and genotype in a hairless Uncv mouse model. Subsequently, the questionnaire aimed at evaluating learning effect on the part of students was handed out and their feedbacks were analyzed. Results More than 90% of respondents are satisfied with the general learning effect. Especially, 98. 7% of students support the enhancing effect of the new teaching mode on their research skills and 96% consider the practical course helpful to their problem-solving ability. Conclusions The introduction of mutated inbred animal model to the practical system of molecular diagnostics proves beneficial to boost students' learning effect and scientific research quality. Our practice also provokes thoughts on the further utilization of animal models in teaching system of medical sciences.
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Objective Mutated inbred animal model is introduced to the practical course of genetic diagnosis in the hope that medical students are able to apply what they have learned to clinical cases, based on a deep understanding of principle and technology on gene mutation detection. Methods We integrated DNA extraction, polymerase chain reaction, agarose gel electrophoresis, and gel imaging analysis into a comprehensive experiment and arranged 4-year-programme undergraduates majoring in preclinical medical sciences to conduct it with the purpose of investigating the internal relations between phenotype and genotype in a hairless Uncv mouse model. Subsequently, the questionnaire aimed at evaluating learning effect on the part of students was handed out and their feedbacks were analyzed. Results More than 90% of respondents are satisfied with the general learning effect. Especially, 98. 7% of students support the enhancing effect of the new teaching mode on their research skills and 96% consider the practical course helpful to their problem-solving ability. Conclusions The introduction of mutated inbred animal model to the practical system of molecular diagnostics proves beneficial to boost students' learning effect and scientific research quality. Our practice also provokes thoughts on the further utilization of animal models in teaching system of medical sciences.
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<p><b>OBJECTIVE</b>To investigate the effect of heat shock protein 70 (HSP70) on pulmonary arterial pressure and pulmonary vascular remodeling in neonatal rats with hypoxic pulmonary hypertension (HPH).</p><p><b>METHODS</b>A total of 128 Wistar neonatal rats were randomly divided into HPH model and blank control groups. According to the transfection solution, the HPH model group was further divided into normal saline group, empty virus group (viral vectors marked with a green fluorescent signal and not carrying the target gene), and virus+HSP70 group (viral vectors marked with a green fluorescent signal and carrying the target gene). The HPH model was established by inhalation of nitrogen-oxygen mixture (1.5 L/minutes and 8% oxygen). Pulmonary arterial pressure (mPAP) and the indicators of pulmonary vascular remodeling (MT% and MA%) were measured on days 3, 7, 10, and 14 of hypoxia.</p><p><b>RESULTS</b>On days 3, 7, and 10 of hypoxia, the normal saline and empty virus groups had significantly enhanced expression of HSP70 compared with the blank control group (P<0.01), and the virus+HSP70 group had significantly higher expression of HSP70 than the blank control, normal saline, and empty virus groups (P<0.01). On day 14 of hypoxia, the expression of HSP70 showed no significant difference between these groups (P>0.05). On days 3, 7, and 10 of hypoxia, the normal saline and empty virus groups showed continuous increases in mPAP compared with the blank control group (P<0.05). There was no significant difference in mPAP between the virus+HSP70 and blank control groups (P>0.05). On day 14 of hypoxia, there was no significant difference in mPAP among three subgroups of the HPH model group (P>0.05), but the mPAP in the three subgroups was significantly higher than in the blank control group (P<0.05). After 7 days of hypoxia, the normal saline and empty virus groups showed significantly higher MT% and MA% than the blank control group (P<0.05), but the two indicators showed no significant differences between the virus+HSP70 and the blank control groups (P>0.05). On day 14 of hypoxia, there were no significant differences in MT% and MA% among three subgroups of the HPH model group (P>0.05), but the MT% and MA% in the three subgroups were higher than in the blank control group (P<0.05).</p><p><b>CONCLUSIONS</b>HSP70 may reduce pulmonary arterial pressure and pulmonary vascular remodeling in neonatal rats with HPH.</p>
Subject(s)
Animals , Humans , Rats , HSP70 Heat-Shock Proteins , Genetics , Metabolism , Hypertension, Pulmonary , Cerebrospinal Fluid , Metabolism , Hypoxia , Genetics , Metabolism , Oxygen , Metabolism , Pulmonary Artery , Metabolism , Rats, Wistar , Vascular RemodelingABSTRACT
Objective To assess the application values of real-time three-dimensional transesophageal ultrasound (RT3D-TEE) technology in the diagnosis and treatment of artificial mitral paravalvular leak (PVL). Methods Fifty-one cases of artificial mitral PVL patients were received two-dimensional transesophageal ultrasound (2D-TEE) and RT3D-TEE examination before and after surgery. Accuracy analysis was performed between the two kinds of test. Results The diagnostic accuracy of RT3D-TEE technique in patients with PVL drain port positionwas significantly higher than that of 2D-TEE technology , and the data of PVL drain port size by RT3D-TEE technique is significantly larger than that of 2D-TEE technique (P < 0.05, respectively). Conclusion The PVL laboratory diagnosis based on RT3D-TEE is accurate and reliable , and RT3D-TEE can assist doctors to diagnose before operation , and can provide real-time ultrasound information from intraoperative monitoring , and monitor the postoperative efficacy of patients .
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Objective To study immunoregulatory activity of polysaccharide of mudan cortex (PSM) on immunodepressive mice. Method The immunodepressive mice model was established with cyclophosphamide treated and tumor-bearing. PSM was orally administered to mice for 10 d. MTT method was used to observe the prolifernation of lymphocytes. The function of macrophage in abdominal activity was measured. Sectrophotometric determination was adopted to evaluate the ability of plaque forming cell. Result PSM could enhance the function of macrophage, increase the content of plaque forming cell, and promote the prelifernation of lymphocytes. Conclusion PSM could enhance immunofunction of immunodepressive mice.